Generics Articulate Default Generalizations
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Default Reasoning and Generics
There are numerous logical formalisms capable of drawing conclusions using default rules. Such systems, however, do not normally determine where the default rules come from; i.e. what it is which makes Birds fly a good rule, but Birds drive trucks—a bad one. Generic sentences such as Birds fly are often used informally to describe default rules. I propose to take this characterization seriously...
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We examine the extent to which people’s judgments about whether a given member of a kind has a property are guided by prevalence estimates alone, or whether their acceptance of a generic generalization also impacts these judgments. Our data are not accounted for by prevalence estimates alone: acceptance of a generic disposes people to infer that, by default, a given member of a kind has the rel...
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We tested the hypothesis that generics (e.g., Dogs have four legs) are a cognitive default, thereby allowing faster and less effortful processing in comparison to quantified noun phrases (e.g., all dogs). Participants judged sentences containing either generics or universally-quantified noun phrases as true or false. Under time pressure, participants treated universallyquantified noun phrases a...
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Generics are sentences such as "ravens are black" and "tigers are striped", which express generalizations concerning kinds. Quantified statements such as "all tigers are striped" or "most ravens are black" also express generalizations, but unlike generics, they specify how many members of the kind have the property in question. Recently, some theorists have proposed that generics express cognit...
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Generic programming is a mechanism for re-using code by abstracting specific types used in classes and programs. In this paper, we present a mechanism for adding generic programming in dynamically typed languages, showing how programmers can benefit from generic programming. Furthermore, we enhance the expressiveness of generic programming with reverse generics, a mechanism for automatically de...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Recherches linguistiques de Vincennes
سال: 2012
ISSN: 0986-6124,1958-9239
DOI: 10.4000/rlv.2048